ReferenceFunctionsStatistics Functions
COVARIANCE.P
COVARIANCE.P: Returns population covariance for two paired numeric data sets.
Summary
COVARIANCE.P measures joint variability using n in the denominator.
Remarks
- Arrays must resolve to the same number of numeric points.
- Uses population scaling (
/ n) rather than sample scaling. - Positive output indicates same-direction movement; negative output indicates opposite movement.
- Pairing and shape mismatches return spreadsheet errors from paired-array validation.
Examples
Positive population covariance
Grid
| Cell | Value | |
|---|---|---|
| No inputs on Sheet1. | ||
Formula
=
Result
Not evaluated yet.
Expected
2.6666666666666665
Negative population covariance
Grid
| Cell | Value | |
|---|---|---|
| No inputs on Sheet1. | ||
Formula
=
Result
Not evaluated yet.
Expected
-0.6666666666666666
Related functions
Runtime metadata
Category
Statistics
Signature
COVARIANCE.P(arg1, arg2, ... argN: Number (Range))This function accepts a repeating argument pattern (min args: 2).
Arity
min 2, max 1
Arguments
arg1Number · Range · coercion NumberLenientText
Caps
PUREREDUCTIONNUMERIC_ONLY
Source